This is a passage written by the author Zhiming: 'I would like to create this article for a lengthy

To become truthful, you will discover too several '' within the text. In the event the teacher on the proofreading group sees it, he ought to scold me. Having said that, I constantly really feel that these 'de' all contain many of the author's feelings, so I resolutely retained them, to ensure that you are able to be infected with all the exact same emotions, and you will not be concerned about becoming changed by the editor's clumsy handwriting. Lose the original taste.

Possessing mentioned that, when readers read our magazine, they should 1st recognize knowledge, not grammar. It is primarily based on this point that at the crucial period of magazine production, a subject that was originally becoming prepared was removed and also the write-up was temporarily changed-that is, we believed that this short article could bring a lot more gains and shock to readers. That is ideal, shock! This article is just not a straightforward and common understanding post, but a few disclosures concerning the challenging disk troubles that are frequently concerned by users. Why is definitely the hard disk uncomplicated to harm? How do makers take care of reworked tough drives? How do hard drive repair organizations repair undesirable drives? Can the application actually repair a undesirable difficult drive? Keep reading, you can find the essence from the challenge.

The beginning point of your dispute

All along, the hard disk may be the most important storage device in the laptop or computer method, and it is also one of the most prone to malfunction in the computer method. For greater than a decade, the operating speed of laptop CPUs has doubled. I've increased it from tens of MHz to greater than 3GHz now. The computing and processing functions have gone by many generations. Other components, for instance graphics cards, sound cards and optical drives have also been replaced for many generations. Only the challenging disk would be the major storage device. While the capacity and speed have been significantly improved, the basic structure and functioning principle haven't changed substantially. With all the boost of challenging disk speed and disk density, the hard disk is additional conveniently damaged than ahead of. Usually, if the challenging disk fails throughout the use procedure, the warranty period is obviously as quickly as you possibly can to find the seller to request warranty or replacement; but now the majority of the IDE difficult disk warranty period is only a single year, right after this period, the really hard disk is out When the fault occurs, it is possible to only consider spending funds to repair or invest in a new challenging drive.

Hardware damage is inevitable

It's a pity that the hard disks which have been utilised for greater than a year or two are thrown away like this. Naturally, most users also desire to devote the least money to maximize the usage of their computer system elements. So that you can cater to this saving psychology, the second-hand challenging disk market place has created quickly inside the previous two years, and a few really hard disk repair companies that use tough disk repair as a selling point have appeared, and quite a few really hard disk repair software program which might be mentioned to repair negative sectors of the difficult disk have appeared. For example, HDDRegenerator, MHDD, PC-3000, and efficiency sources, and so on., a few of them even promote themselves as specialist software, which can repair the physical bad sectors in the difficult disk devoid of affecting the hard disk capacity and sold to get a higher price of more than ten,000 yuan. Particularly when the Russian PC-3000 entered China, the facts in this region became a lot more eye-catching.

[Editor's note: PC-3000 can be a commercial expert hard disk repair comprehensive tool created by the famous Russian difficult disk laboratory ACE Laboratory. It may crack the instruction set of many types of difficult disk CPUs and interpret the firmware of different challenging disks. Manage the internal work on the hard disk, understand the reading and writing of the internal parameter module on the challenging disk and the calling with the challenging disk program module, and lastly realize the purpose of repairing a variety of really hard disk defects with computer software. Additionally, it also has its particular functions in data recovery, and it is actually complicated for most OEM tough disk manufacturers to fully grasp these functions. Following greater than ten years of continuous study, ACELaboratory, PC-3000V12 (the newest version) has been in a position to help the majority of the old and new models of IDE interface challenging drives, with capacities from 40MB to 200GB. Its potent tough disk repair function has been recognized by experienced tough disk repair companies around the globe. You will discover currently a large number of qualified customers about the world. It is mentioned that a large number of tens of a large number of defective difficult disks are repaired with PC-3000 every day. ]

For ordinary users, for those who can actually repair a challenging disk with physical negative sectors, then you definitely can save funds on obtaining a new hard disk; for second-hand really hard disk sellers, 1 difficult disk with poor sectors and one particular with out negative sectors The price difference is substantially, when you can turn a bad way into a no negative way, you can make a whole lot of income; for all those who specialize in repairing challenging drives, with these software, you'll be able to use a computer system along with a table to open a retailer. It's also a very excellent enterprise to charge an average of 40 yuan for every single hard drive repaired; and for agents selling these software, every set of sales is actually a profit of 7000-8000 yuan, and it is even a fat organization. As a result, beneath the impetus of a variety of forces, a variety of groups started a series of publicity with unique purposes, creating these software program far more eye-catching. Because of this, large-scale discussions as well as cursing have been triggered on several forums together with the theme of really hard drive repair, utilized challenging drives and difficult drive technologies. Interested readers can go to the forum of 'Storage Online' (http://www.stol.com.cn).

So, can the software repair the tough drive? To clarify this trouble, we have to 1st speak in regards to the internal structure with the really hard disk, 1st fully grasp the bring about and mechanism of difficult disk harm.

The structure on the tough disk

Internal structure of hard disk

You'll find so many articles in regards to the structure from the really hard disk, but in the event you actually want to make it clear, you wo n’t be able to finish a book, so I wo n’t go into details here. Simply to be clear, so far, the hard disk structure model described in lots of articles, technical info as well as textbooks is already an extremely old hard disk structure. For the present new hard disks, all of them haven't adopted this structure, but have adopted a a lot more complex and much more scientific structure.

In old difficult drives, the older CHS (Cylinder / Head / Sector) structural system is made use of. For the reason that a long time ago, when the capacity from the tough disk was still extremely little, men and women used a structure equivalent to a floppy disk to make a hard disk. Which is, each and every track in the challenging disk has the identical number of sectors, resulting within the so-called 3D parameters (DiskGeometry), that is, the number of heads (Heads), the amount of cylinders (Cylinders), the amount of sectors (Sectors) Along with the corresponding 3D addressing mode.

CHS structure program

Amongst them: the number of heads means that the really hard disk has a total of a number of heads, that is definitely, you will find quite a few platters, the maximum is 255 (stored with 8 binary bits); the amount of cylinders implies that you will discover numerous tracks on every side from the tough disk, the maximum is 1023 Use ten binary bits to store); the amount of sectors means that there are numerous sectors on every track, the maximum is 63 (stored with six binary bits); each sector is generally 512 bytes, theoretically you are able to Take any worth you like, but it seems that no other value has been identified so far.

So the maximum disk capacity is:

255 × 1023 × 63 × 512/1048576 ＝ 8024MB (1M ＝ 1048576Bytes)

Or typically used units of difficult disk manufacturers:

255 × 1023 × 63 × 512/1000000 = 8414MB (1M = 1000000Bytes)

Within the CHS structure of the old challenging disk, the amount of sectors in every track is equal, so the recording density of your outer track is a great deal decrease than that with the inner track, so quite a bit of disk space will be wasted (the exact same is accurate for floppy disks). So as to additional improve the capacity of hard drives, hard drive manufacturers are now using equal density structure to generate tough drives. That may be to say, the track length of every single sector is equal, and also the outer track has additional sectors than the inner track. Soon after adopting this structure, the really hard disk no longer has actual 3D parameters, along with the addressing mode is also changed to linear addressing, that's, addressing in sectors. As a way to be compatible with old software that makes use of 3D addressing (for example software that makes use of the BIOSInt13H interface), producers usually set up an address translator inside the tough disk controller, which can be accountable for translating old 3D parameters into new linear parameters. For this reason the 3D parameters on the challenging disk can now have several options (distinct working modes can correspond to diverse 3D parameters, for example LBA, Big, Typical). With all the raise in disk density, the additional complexity with the organization, plus the improvement in function and speed, today's hard disks is going to be divided into a larger area inside the disk called the 'system reserved area' for storing tough disk A variety of info, parameters and handle procedures, some even make Fireware with the difficult disk within the technique reserved area (the original information and facts is stored on the chip on the challenging disk manage circuit board). Even though this could additional simplify the production course of action, speed up production and reduce production fees, alternatively, it drastically increases the chance of fatal damage to the hard disk and shortens the life in the challenging disk. My 200MB difficult drive greater than a decade ago and the 1.2GB hard drive 8 years ago are still really effectively utilized, not to mention undesirable sectors, even the sound throughout operation isn't obtainable, but towards the later 4.3GB, six.4GB, None with the 10GB and 20GB tough drives might be used for greater than four years, and all are broken.

Types of challenging disk harm

Commonly speaking, really hard disk harm may be divided into challenging harm and soft harm in accordance with the significant categories.

Tough harm contains four sorts of harm to the magnetic head assembly, damage towards the control circuit, extensive harm and physical harm to the sector (commonly known as physical bad tracks).

※ Magnetic head component damage: mostly refers to the scenario exactly where a part of the magnetic head component within the hard disk is broken, causing portion or all of the magnetic head to become unable to read and write generally. There are various approaches and possibilities of harm for the magnetic head assembly, primarily like dirty magnetic head, worn magnetic head, deformed magnetic head cantilever, damaged magnetic coil, displacement, etc.

※ The control circuit is damaged: it implies that a a part of the circuit within the electronic circuit board of your tough disk is broken or short-circuited, or some electrical elements or IC chips are broken, and so forth., causing the difficult disk to not spin generally following the power is turned on, or the magnetic head following spinning Cannot seek correctly, etc.

※ Extensive damage: mainly refers towards the various troubles triggered by the hard drive resulting from some minor changes. A few of the challenging disks trigger a part of the chip aging due to heat or other relations through use; some are small adjustments or displacements in the housing or disk surface or motor spindle immediately after the difficult disk is subjected to vibration; some are heat dissipation and heat dissipation inside the design in the challenging disk itself Defects in friction or structure. Various causes result in the instability of the hard disk, frequent data loss or logic errors, loud work noise, slow study and write speed, from time to time it can operate generally but in some cases it might not work usually.

※ Sector physical damage: refers to physical damage for the disk surface because of collision, head friction, or other causes, such as scratches and magnetic loss.

Soft damage incorporates errors in track servo data, errors within the technique info region, and sector logic errors (also normally referred to as logical terrible tracks).

※ Track servo facts error: It implies that the servo information of a specific physical track is broken or invalid, to ensure that the physical track cannot be accessed.

※ Error within the technique details location: refers towards the method info area of ​​the tough disk (a program reserved location inside the difficult disk, that is divided into various modules, which saves quite a few challenging disk factory parameters, setting data, and internal handle applications). The info of some modules or the verification is abnormal, which makes the hard disk unable to enter the preparation state.

※ Sector logic error: refers to the sector brought on by verification error (ECC error and CRC error), sector mark error (IDNF error), address details error (AMNF error), bad block mark error (BBM), and so forth. Failure.

Usually speaking, it truly is possible to repair the really hard disk's soft harm. Several tough disk management and upkeep software (DM) released by hard disk producers possess the potential to repair the challenging disk's soft damage. Problems such as sector logic errors, even common low-level formatting software program, are totally competent. Having said that, amongst all the soft damages, errors inside the technique details region are much more hard to repair, due to the fact even really hard drives of your similar manufacturer and form, the system data location will not be necessarily exactly the same; and the content with the system data area of ​​the tough disk companies for their goods And also the instruction code study is normally not public. But for the difficult disk customers of IBM and Hitachi, they're fortunate. Hitachi ’s DFT and IBM ’s DDD-SI computer software possess a fairly high repair accomplishment rate for errors inside the method details region. These two softwares are definitely really hard disk repair software program released by the challenging disk manufacturer (DFT is still totally free), with quite highly effective functions, efficiency and reliability are greater than those written by third parties that cost greater than ten,000 Substantially higher, but however only works for IBM and Hitachi merchandise.

Naturally, if only to repair the soft harm, an original DM software program can complete more than 90% in the tasks, there is certainly no need to buy tens of thousands of so-called experienced software program, but now HDDRegenerator, MHDD, PC-3000 and efficiency supply Waiting for these softwares, the publicity shows that they're not merely coping with soft damage, but additionally the physical undesirable tracks inside the hard harm and even the damage of some ICs may be repaired!

PC-3000 really hard disk repair kit

It can't be mentioned that their propaganda is exaggerated, mainly because in theory that is certainly achievable. If our difficult drive breaks for the duration of the warranty period, it will be repaired by the manufacturer if they are handed over for the manufacturer. So, it can be really essential for us to understand the manufacturer's repair procedures and processes of your tough disk, and see how the manufacturer repairs it. Is it distinct from pure application upkeep?

How the manufacturer repairs the hard drive

In actual fact, I can clarify to you that even though it truly is a brand new tough drive from the manufacturer, their discs usually are not flawless. Because of the precision from the disks from the magnetic disks, there are extremely higher needs for the production environment and movement. Even a dust and a slight collision will generate from a number of to a huge selection of poor sectors. So, commonly speaking, according to the 120GB capacity in the existing really hard disk, it is not not possible to get a brand-new disc to have a huge number of poor sectors. It is just that the challenging disk manufacturer will use particular gear to scan the disk, record those terrible sectors and sectors with unstable magnetic media, make a list of difficult disk defects, create them into the method reserved location, and manage these by means of the manage program. The sectors are closed, and also the tough disk control plan is not going to study these places when reading the really hard disk. Due to the complex functions and parameters of today's tough disks, lots of information and facts is written into the reserved area of ​​the program. In this way, since the problematic sector has been closed in the bottom degree of handle, users won't see this part of the info no matter what formatting and partitioning computer software they use, and it looks like there's really no terrible sectors at all. identical. Simultaneously, there's a further closed region within the difficult disk, also referred to as reserved capacity. They're actually very good disk surfaces with no issues at all, however they are closed for some cause. As an example, if a hard disk is 60GB, as well as the single disk capacity on the disk is 40GB, then the tough disk composed of two disks must be closed to a capacity of 20GB (the production line in the disk is particular, and producers only have to lower fees. Will produce a kind of capacity disk, by closing the region of ​​different capacity to obtain various actual tough disk capacity).

Machines made use of by really hard disk manufacturers to scan and test discs can process 600 discs per hour

Hitachi's small servo machine for rewriting servo info can deal with eight hard drives simultaneously

Possessing figured out the production principle with the challenging disk, it really is quick to understand how the manufacturer repairs the tough disk. For damage to manage circuits, magnetic heads, and so on., the simplest technique of replacement will be to replace the new components. The damage towards the IC chip can be repaired by rewriting the info of the IC chip or just replacing the IC chip. For the issue of disk platter, the predicament is extra complicated. Very first, the manufacturer will use unique gear to re-scan the really hard disk surface in line with the actual physical address, verify out all terrible and unstable sectors, form a new hard disk defect list, and then create it Enter the system data area of ​​the hard disk and replace the old really hard disk defect list. Then contact the internal low-level formatting system to internally format the really hard disk. The system will renumber and clear all tracks and sectors based around the new program information region details, and rewrite track servo data and sector information and facts. Immediately after such processing, the repaired tough disk may be utilised like a brand new hard disk again.

A lot of people may possibly have doubts-since you will discover new terrible sectors added towards the technique reserved location,

So, is there no distinction involving the repaired really hard drive plus the new 1? There's a technical concern involved here-the difference involving the restraint and divergence of damage. I intend to leave it to the back. Here I will speak regarding the principles of third-party computer software to repair the challenging disk.

The repair principle of third-party software program

The third-party computer software we speak about here repairs the challenging disk. The primary discussion is usually to repair the physical damage in the challenging disk sector-there is absolutely nothing to discuss about the logical negative sectors, and repair just isn't complicated. Presently, you'll find usually two most important approaches for third-party application to repair physical harm to difficult disk sectors: reverse magnetization and modify the really hard disk defect list.

Reverse magnetization will be the 1st approach employed to repair physical damage to difficult disk sectors. Generally, the head of a challenging disk can only be accountable for reading and writing signals, and also the level signal expected for reading and writing information signals is diverse in the magnetic medium itself on the surface in the disk. The reverse magnetization would be to force the magnetic head to create the corresponding high and low level signals from the magnetic medium itself by utilizing software program instructions, and repeatedly magnetize the damaged or lost magnetic sectors by way of multiple reciprocating motions, to ensure that the magnetic media of those sectors are restarted. Acquire magnetic power. HDDRegenerator was the first software program to adopt this method. Later, some software program also analyzed the reverse magnetization signal by analyzing its algorithms and instructions, and made use of the same or comparable engine for reverse magnetization. It must be noted that there are lots of so-called professional challenging disk repair organizations available on the market which have released some software program that claims to repair the undesirable sectors in the challenging disk, ordinarily about 300 yuan. In truth, they only use UltraEdit, Pctools and other binary editing tools for HDDRegenerator. Rewrite the interface facts; or unpack the HDDRegenerator and replace it with all the shell interface written by your self. To put it bluntly is usually a pirated HDDRegenerator, please be sure to distinguish clearly. The most significant disadvantage of reverse magnetization is its slow speed. If a magnetic medium is unstable or loses its capability to magnetize, the head is likely to go back and forth hundreds or a huge number of occasions. In the event the tough disk has only dozens or a huge selection of negative fans If it ’s a zone, it ’s okay to cook slowly. However, today's hard disks possess a capacity of hundreds of GB, and tens of a huge number of negative sectors are also very typical. At this time, if this system is made use of to repair, it has probably not been repaired to 10%, as well as the magnetic head will be deformed as a result of fatigue. Difficult disks that could nonetheless be applied following hiding the partition will be fully scrapped. Furthermore, the magnetic media of these sectors is inherently unstable. Even though it really is magnetized, it can be made use of for any time period, but there is a danger of losing its magnetic capacity at any time. The really hard disk is really unstable. Simultaneously, this process doesn't repair tough harm like physical scratches.

The approach to modify the defect list from the difficult disk will be to boost the reverse magnetization. This method is quite similar to the maintenance technique of the really hard disk manufacturer talked about above. As pointed out earlier, really hard disk makers typically usually do not disclose the facts content and study instruction codes of the technique data region of ​​their difficult disk solutions, but some technical personnel have cracked the manufacturer ’s instruction codes and in some cases Fireware by means of analysis and reverse engineering. In order that they could compile plan application, freely read, modify and write details inside the challenging disk technique details region. Within this way, they will also write a program to scan the disk surface based on the physical address like a really hard disk manufacturer, reconstruct a brand new list of defective sectors and write it in to the method reserved location to replace the original list. Tough disks repaired by such application are theoretically no different from difficult disks repaired by challenging disk companies. As a result of this function, this kind of software is extremely highly-priced. The PC-3000 expenses tens of a large number of yuan. The efficiency supply experienced version (the retail version can only repair ECC errors and CRC errors, in truth, it ca n’t do anything) charges more than 600 And they usually do not involve technical assistance for future upgrades, due to the fact these software program has a incredibly fatal weakness-after all, the information they obtained through cracking, to a specific extent, is illegal. Distinctive challenging disk makers, and even unique varieties of hard disks from the similar manufacturer, have distinct manage codes for the technique reserved area, and Fireware can also be diverse. To be able to make the computer software versatile, they must regularly crack new really hard disk models to make the software Support more really hard drives. And if they're going to continue to provide upgrade support because you might have purchased a set of application, they may undoubtedly not do it. So that you can repair a lot more new challenging disk models, it's essential to frequently pay for upgrades. However, in the event the information and facts in the system information and facts location of ​​the challenging disk is cracked well, when the crack just isn't excellent, just after the data is modified and written, the light will trigger the tough disk to possess frequent errors and instability during reading and writing; Will reimburse the really hard drive.

Final analysis

As I pointed out earlier, there is in fact a distinction in between the repaired disk and also the brand new difficult disk, so what's the difference? Pretty easy, inside a brand new tough disk, the physical damage of the sector is generated for the duration of the production method; though for the hard disk that should be repaired, the physical damage of your sector is generated in the course of use. The atmosphere created by distinctive physical damages directly impacts the destructive energy of this harm.

To illustrate this dilemma, I'll give an instance of the electroplating process. Though it can be not necessarily the case, it truly is certainly the category of supplies and technology. Even the processing of your disk surface cannot escape this variety. If for some cause, the plating layer in some areas is also thin or not plated at all, then this part will be the defect part, it's going to simply oxidize and rust. This a part of the rust will spread and extend to the original well-deposited portion without defects, but this course of action is very slow, mainly because this defect is formed collectively together with the plating layer through the production approach, the edge with the plating layer continues to be closed incredibly Fantastic, so this defect is restrained, and its spread and expansion is going to be somewhat slow. And if the original coating is intact, then you use a knife to scrape off a part of the coating, then there's a divergent defect. Simply because in this defect, you not simply destroy the coating around the defect surface, but also the edge of the intact a part of the coating is destroyed. Within this kind of defect, the spread and expansion of oxidative rust are extremely rapid, along with a significant area of ​​oxidative rust can swiftly be generated within the intact element.

The production principle of hard disks is definitely the very same. Everyone knows that undesirable sectors will spread. Even when the closed sectors are certainly not study or written, they may also spread around the disk. For the undesirable sectors formed during the production method, the surrounding magnetic media crystals are nevertheless uniform and dense, and the physical properties are nonetheless really stable. In such an environment, the spread of bad sectors can be a very slow approach, I'm afraid even hard drives The service life has not spread far. In the approach of using the poor sector because of collision or scratch, the surrounding magnetic medium crystal is inside a broken and loose state, so that the spread of this negative sector will be incredibly fast, it's most likely which you have just closed it Soon, it spread for the intact region that was not closed. Because of such prospective instability, in North America, the repaired hard disks are usually labeled as repaired and sold at a really affordable value (almost certainly only 1/2 to 1/3 from the market place price tag), as well as some providers merely return the repaired All the dishes were sold in markets in Asia or some third planet nations.

For the difficult disk which has been repaired, the really hard disk manufacturer will repair it and repair it to the outdoors maintenance personnel by way of computer software. Even though alter table table_name recover partitions is based on the very same principle, the actual effect continues to be distinct. Repairing with computer software demands the head of your challenging disk to constantly read and write each and every sector to identify no matter whether this sector has indeed lost its magnetic capacity. This reading and writing course of action may perhaps have to be cycled numerous times or far more. Such sectors continue to study and write, it takes an extremely lengthy time, including MHDD, below the default parameters, random scan of a 3.2GB hard drive, it may take 48 hours or even 5 days (according to the terrible disk The circumstance is diverse, the time is extremely diverse), and should perform constantly devoid of interruption. This may cause fantastic damage towards the really hard disk head and also the disk itself. It is actually currently not a good disk. Just after such tossing, even if it is actually repaired, do you dare to utilize it to load some beneficial data?

If it's repaired by the hard disk manufacturer, they're going to use specific machines, which use optical principles to verify the surface of your disc (the certain particulars are more clever, let alone say, friends within the physics or electronics profession ought to know), In place of applying the magnetic head to actually read and create the surface of the disc. In this machine, when different forms of sectors-intact and defective: which include scratches on the disk surface, impurities within the magnetic media, loose magnetic media, unstable magnetic properties, and so on., when passing by means of the detection point, there will likely be distinct In accordance with the feedback optical signal, the machine will record all the defective sector records and corresponding sector positions in line with the feedback optical signal, and compile the tough disk defect list. Since it just isn't study and written by means of the physical head, not just the speed of scanning and inspection is fast, but the harm for the hard disk is substantially smaller.

Conclusion and some extra words

Right here, can we already draw some conclusions? I will not say the conclusion, readers should really be able to make their very own judgments. I have no doubt that the people who wrote these difficult disk repair tool programs are geniuses, and in some cases those that crack other people's plan engines are also geniuses, but every thing has its personal objective laws and will not be transferred by the excessive publicity and will of some people. Software can accomplish a lot of functions, but similarly, there are actually some functions that they can't and cannot attain. There is no elixir on the planet that will cure all ailments, as well as the application could be the identical.

Now the value of really hard drives is having cheaper and more affordable. So long as an 80GB hard drive fees only 600 yuan, the designed service life is about three years. To become sincere, if it fees 100 yuan to repair a 20GB tough drive or more than 150 yuan to get a second-hand 20GB difficult drive, then I merely get a new one-even when the hard drive is repaired or even a second-hand really hard drive is bought, it is certainly not Rest assured to utilize this disk to shop crucial information.

Nevertheless, I'm not entirely exclusive of second-hand tough drives. Following all, they may be less expensive, and are also a great decision for customers who do not require large capacity and only want standard functions and utilizes. At present, by far the most created second-hand market place in China is Guangzhou (only limited to discussing typical channels, some areas have abnormal channels that are incredibly created, but not inside the scope of this discussion), Panyu is the largest distribution center for second-hand pc components and peripherals, the mainland Numerous sellers of second-hand really hard drives buy goods by means of Guangzhou channels and send them to the mainland. For any single retail merchant, the every day transaction volume of second-hand difficult drives is only several or maybe a dozen. Nevertheless, for all those wholesalers of second-hand challenging drives, the day-to-day transaction volume and unit value are certainly not calculated in terms of one particular, but in tons. In Panyu, an ordinary wholesale store, the average each day transaction volume may perhaps have hundreds and even thousands of challenging drives. In line with this transaction volume, it truly is unlikely that they're going to have time to make use of the application to scan and repair the challenging drive. Simultaneously, you might not know how they shipped the applied pc components or full machines from abroad. I can briefly speak about them right here. In created countries, it truly is not permitted to throw out obsolete computers in the trash, and passers-by or neighbors will likely be fined a good deal if they see the alarm. As a result, those that acquire second-hand computer systems or spare components abroad don't will need to pay any charges. On the contrary, these corporations and people who want to phase out computers ought to spend a considerable quantity to people that gather the computer systems and let them take the computer systems away. Due to this, collecting utilised computers abroad is often stated to become a business with no expense, plus the shipping cost of every container is about 1000 US dollars (now the country will not allow the import of foreign garbage, but numerous second-hand computer system spare components can nonetheless are available in, plus You can find normally several methods for Shanghai merchants, along with the import tax is often evaded by way of a variety of techniques of filing customs documents. As a result, the low domestic acquire price is totally unthinkable. Domestic really hard disk wholesalers all use dump trucks to pull back one cart soon after a further, and also the whole car or truck fell towards the ground. Since their wholesale rates are already incredibly low, they don't care in regards to the breakage price at all, and they do n’t will need to bother in regards to the really hard disks causing terrible sectors and disk deformation. They only need to have to ship speedily and then restock. Therefore, here I can let you know responsibly that almost 100% from the difficult disks that come in by way of this channel are defective in a single way or one more. If it is acquired from a neighborhood organization or person elimination machine, it's yet another matter. Intermediaries everywhere will basically repair the wholesale challenging drive ahead of sending it towards the retail shop. From this, we are able to know that many of the computer software that needs that is the intermediary and retail merchants. They are available in at a reduced value. Batches of second-hand tough drives are shipped, however the quantity of shipments each day just isn't significant. If each of the bad sectors in the really hard drives can be shielded and restored towards the appearance that you'll find no negative sectors, then the retail price tag on the identical really hard drive is usually improved by 50 to 100 yuan. Needless to say, such a disk may also be made use of, but absolutely everyone must determine no matter whether to buy and use these really hard disks as outlined by their actual use as well as the value of the information. Nonetheless, I think that every person really should be able to make a decision tips on how to invest their funds based on their actual demands.

By the way, several added words, some people might be hesitant to purchase a brand new hard drive simply because they are making use of an older personal computer model and can not recognize the substantial difficult drive. Then I can say please rest assured that even the difficult drive support programs of any difficult drive manufacturer usually are not necessary. If your motherboard BIOS is Award, then you only require to download a small system known as BP (complete name BIOSPatcher, you'll be able to modify the motherboard BIOS plan error, open the blocked function; presently only supports AwardBIOS. Download address: http: // rom. by / Award / patcher / bp-4rc_C.rar), assuming your motherboard BIOS file name is 1.bin, then you enter the command: bp1.bin in pure DOS mode, after which flash this file back towards the motherboard, almost everything is performed Too. Now, regardless of how old your motherboard is (even Lao Ben, VX motherboard), it can help a big challenging drive of 137GB.

Goodbye tough and soft injuries of really hard drives-hard drive repair and information recovery

Author: To Ming

Published 'Can the application repair the difficult drive?' Soon after the post 'Full Analysis of Really hard Disk Damage', there was a great response. I collected and summarized some responses and opinions by means of numerous channels. Numerous customers have heard of such items and also the insider for the very first time via this article, and they may be quite supportive of such articles. Obviously, within the various reactions, there has to be some blame from some individuals within the industry, who think that such articles are detrimental to the development of this market. Even so, in any case, I believe that broom self-preservation and info blockade are the most significant disadvantages towards the development of your really hard disk and information business; let everybody know additional about this data, and generally improve your amount of awareness of this market, is it truly useful The domestic really hard disk repair and information recovery industry has enhanced. Based on this notion, there was this follow-up report. Considering the fact that the objects are nonetheless ordinary DIYers and shoppers, they nevertheless use extra preferred narrative procedures and endeavor to avoid employing excessive specialist vocabulary and sophisticated so-called 'theoretical knowledge'.

It need to also be pointed out that the certain structure and principle of IDE hard disk and SCSI really hard disk are various. SCSI tough disk is far more complicated than IDE challenging disk. Based on this article is just for the goal of popularization, to be able to describe the well-liked simplicity, the hard drives pointed out within this post refer to IDE tough drives.

The reality from the tough drive market

In the prior subject, I only briefly described some knowledge and status of tough disk repair. Right here, it is actually needed to offer a a lot more in-depth explanation with the really hard disk market and industry, in order that readers can effectively study and realize the latter component.

Anyone with eight to 10 years or extra of laptop knowledge will have a profound practical experience? D? D The excellent of tough drives is receiving worse. In retrospect, within the previous 600MB, 1GB, 1.2GB, two.1GB era, compared with the present hard drives, the only shortcoming is that the capacity just isn't so large, the speed just isn't so quick; but in actual use, those in quite a few other aspects Really hard drives are far better than current challenging drives. For example, the noise is extremely low, and also the ears are nearly attached for the disk physique to hear the sound from the challenging disk rotating; the service life is extended. A pal of mine includes a IBM original 486DX33 laptop. The 200MB hard disk in it is nevertheless in regular use. , No noise, no poor tracks, the seek time can still reach the nominal value, with out any overall performance degradation; the excellent of the disk physique is great, I put the difficult disks that I can gather from 200MB to two.1GB, and identified that those really hard disks are absolutely大部分的盘体至今还是闪闪发光，坚固无比，没有任何氧化、锈蚀和痕迹，而从3.2GB开始，使用超过3年或更久的硬盘盘体就开始黯淡无光了，甚至可以轻轻摇出响声来；电路板用料十足，下面有两张图，希捷3.2GB硬盘电路板是大板，昆腾15GB硬盘的是曲尺电路板，比较一下板的做工和上面的电子元件就很能说明问题。为什么会发生这样的情况呢？

图1，3.2GB和15GB硬盘电路板的对比，明显发现3.2GB的质量好很多

图2，希捷1.2GB、昆腾15GB和西数80GB对比

发生这种情况的原因固然很多，也不可能在一篇文章里面细细说明。对于硬盘耐用性变差这一点，厂商的说法是硬盘转速加快、数据密度增加、耗电量增加、发热更多，所以寿命缩短了。媒体的说法是硬盘产业整体利润率下降，竞争日趋激烈，硬盘厂商为了加强竞争力，必须采取措施有效降低产品成本。这些说法固然有他们的道理，不过我今天不想在这里讨论这些老生常谈的问题，我想说一个我亲身经历的事情作为例子?D?D这只是硬盘厂商面对的众多问题中很小的一个，当然不足以构成厂商采取实质性行动的原因，但在多种问题的综合作用下，情况就不一样了。我有一个老美朋友，因为不方便说姓名，我暂且把他叫Dick，在某硬盘厂家做事。有一年他放年假时跑到加拿大，逼着我让他在我家里睡了两天沙发。有一天偶然聊起公司不顺心的事情，他马上大发牢骚，说：“Jack（暂时这样称呼自己），你们中国人很让我头痛呢。”我很奇怪，问他为什么这样说，他解释了半天，我明白了，原来他们公司的硬盘那段时间突然在中国市场的返修率直线上升，给公司的质保部门非常大的压力，也使公司的售后服务费用大大超出预算。公司马上派人去了解，得出的结论是虽然公司准备在海外设厂，在生产上有一定调整，导致某些型号的产品质量出现少许波动，但这并不构成中国市场返修率突然上升的主要原因。主要原因是因为他们提供3年的质保，很多用户在众多的宣传中知道这个牌子的某些型号有一些问题，就把目标扩大到全系列的产品，即使自己的硬盘用着一直没有事情，但还是在2年到2年半这段时间内跑到经销商那里去要求换盘。为了达到退换的目的，很多消费者使用了不良手段?D?D用毛巾包裹硬盘， recover partition table windows 7 ，发出一些指令，让硬盘磁头疯狂地来回摇动，在短时间内导致磁头悬臂变形和盘面产生物理划花。正是因为这样的原因，使公司的产品在中国市场的退换和返修率大大上升（要知道，一般地，当时他们公司的硬盘返修率是不到千分之一的，即使变成千分之二也已经超出好多倍了，更何况他们当时比这个更高）。公司让他研究解决这个事情，他经过了解和研究，知道其实其他公司也面临着同样的问题，只不过他们公司因为在中国市场占有率高，所以问题更严重而已。办法好想，他说可以更改一下硬盘的设计，这样硬盘退回时他们可以通过特别的手段查出硬盘是自然损坏还是非正常损坏的。不过公司对他这个方法却不屑一顾，因为这个设想虽然好，但是却没有任何实际的可行性?D?D退换过程通常都是消费者和经销商之间的行为，而经销商没有这样的验证手段，等硬盘汇集到公司的时候已经太晚；同时，即使公司知道了硬盘损坏的原因，还是没有直接的证据来拒绝退换；更进一步，就算有证据，也还是不可能拒绝售后服务，以免被对手大肆宣传，得罪全体消费者。他正是为了这个原因而憋气呢！

当然，我们现在已经知道硬盘厂商如何解决这个问题了?D?D虽然采取这样的措施同时也是基于一个全球的大环境。当时的竞争激烈，硬盘利润空间不断下降，厂商如果同时再要负担这样沉重的售后服务的话，就根本没有任何利润可言了。于是，他们解决的方法出奇地一致?D?D降低产品成本，缩短保修期限，以便保持相当的利润。这里，我已经不知道说什么好了，少数消费者自私自利的不良行为，损害了全体消费者的利益，其他大部分遵纪守法的消费者要替他们陪葬。我这里绝对不是要鼓吹让大家都跑去退换，因为这样只会导致市场进入恶性循环，少数人会因退换好像会占了便宜而窃笑，但最终受到损害的还是他们自己，而且还赔上了其他没有这样做的人。[Pophard：希望大家能遵守这个行业的游戏规则，使市场呈良性循环发展，大家都能享受到良好的售后服务，也可以用上更优质的产品。

当然，在一片降低成本的呼声中，也有部分厂商跑得太远，偏离了正常轨道。最明显的问题就是伺服口的处理问题。熟悉硬盘的朋友都知道，硬盘上面有一个孔，一般都是用铝质贴纸封住，有的甚至还用金属片包住封口的贴纸，防止它被破坏，这个就是伺服口（有一些销售人员叫这个是真空封口，其实是错误的，硬盘内部并不是真空，磁头要靠空气的气垫原理悬浮在盘片的上方来读取数据。这个封口的作用其实是防止灰尘进入硬盘内部，因此，正确的说法应该是?D?D硬盘内部是无尘的）。一般而言，盘片的磁道构造都不是在装配之前进行的，想想都知道，3英寸的盘片上要储存几十GB数据，磁道一定是要非常细密的才可以做到。如果在装配之前构造磁道，那么只要装配中出现非常微小的误差，都可能使装配好的硬盘在工作中出现这样或那样的问题。同时，装配过程中还可能出现轻微的碰撞，产生坏扇区，如果在装配前构造磁道，就不可能找出这些坏扇区来加以屏蔽了。而伺服口的作用，就是在装配好硬盘以后，机械手能够从这个孔伸进去进行扫描和写入伺服信息，构造磁道，这样，只需要对硬盘进行一次扫描和写入过程就可以完成伺服信息的写入，而又能最大限度保证伺服信息的准确和硬盘成品的可靠性。伺服口的数量有可能是1个、2个、3个或者更多。单片单面的磁盘只需要1个伺服口，单片双面的需要2个，双片3面的也是2个，双片四面的是3个，如此类推。

图3，单片单面的硬盘

图4，单片双面的硬盘

图5，双片三面的硬盘

图6，双片四面的硬盘

伺服口是不可以破损的，一旦破损，空气中的灰尘就会进入硬盘内部。而对于磁盘的盘面来说，一粒灰尘就相当于一个炸弹。即使只有一粒灰尘进去，在高速旋转的盘片上，灰尘会像弹球一样跳来跳去，不断击中盘面，形成大大小小的坏扇区。因此，硬盘厂商对于这样的硬盘是不予维修的。大家可以看到，在伺服口的贴纸上，都会有这样的说明?D?DWarrantyVoidIfRemove（一旦破损，保修失效）。但正是在这个盘体最重要、也是最脆弱的地方，某个硬盘厂商有意无意地出现了比较严重的设计失误。如图，某些硬盘厂家用来保护伺服口的材料，除了没有足够的凹陷以外，保障硬盘内部绝对无尘工作环境的竟然是一张15mm×8mm、厚不到0.1mm的小纸片（真的是纸片）！只要一个不小心刮破这张薄纸，整个硬盘就全报废了。稍有DIY常识的人都应该知道硬盘安装的过程中，要把硬盘插到硬盘架上，其侧面和机架有点磨擦是很正常的事，而且这个地方也是拿硬盘时手指最容易戳到的地方，没有足够的凹陷而把纸片暴露在这个位置上那简直就是在玩火了。如果哪个硬盘厂商在不少顾客因为不小心刮破了这张纸导致硬盘报废后，拒绝为顾客提供三包服务，而要让顾客来为他们的设计失误买单，那样就确实有点过分了。

图7，某品牌硬盘缺乏足够保护的伺服口

图8，IBM硬盘的伺服口

图9，希捷硬盘的伺服口（上面的那块铝封）

图10，昆腾硬盘的伺服口

图11，西部数据硬盘伺服口

图12，迈拓硬盘的伺服口

正是因为厂家对低成本的追求，使一个虽然已经存在很久，但是一直没有获得足够发展空间的行业得到了期待已久的发展时机，这就是硬盘维修行业。因为如果硬盘能够一直都非常稳定地使用比较长时间的话，那么对于用户来说，没坏的不用修，用个六七年的话即使坏了也没有维修的必要了。但现在情况有点不一样了，不少硬盘刚过了保修期不久就坏是很常见的事情，而花一千或几百元买来的硬盘用了两年就扔的话恐怕谁也不会心甘情愿吧，这就造成了对硬盘维修的市场需求。

形形色色的硬盘维修

在《硬盘损坏全分析》中已经分析过硬盘故障的种类，这里就专门针对日常使用中最常见的几种来逐一分析，概括地说明一下专业硬盘维修的一些具体方法。

1.逻辑坏道

这是日常使用中最常见的硬盘故障，实际上是磁盘磁道上面的校验信息（ECC）跟磁道的数据和伺服信息对不上号。出现这一故障的原因，通常都是因为一些程序的错误操作或是该处扇区的磁介质开始出现不稳定的先兆。一般在操作中的表现就是文件存取时出错，或者硬盘克隆的时候到了出错的地方就弹出出错信息，不能再继续下去。消除这些逻辑坏道的方法其实比较简单，最常用的方法就是用系统的磁盘扫描功能。在DOS下面用Scandisk扫描，系统可以把逻辑出错的扇区标出来，以后在进行存取操作时就会避免操作这些扇区。当然，如果单单是软件的错误操作造成的，也可以用原厂的工具进行全盘低格来重新恢复所有有逻辑错误的地方。也有的人利用HDDRegenerator、效率源之类的软件消除扇区错误，重新激活这个扇区。不过对于那些因为是该扇区的磁介质不稳定造成的错误，这里还是不推荐使用重新激活的方式，以免在储存了重要信息后再次出错。

图13，MS的Scandisk，非常经典的画面

2.物理坏道

这个也是比较常见的硬盘故障，实际上是因为震荡、划伤等原因导致一些扇区的磁介质失去磁记忆能力而造成的。通常这样的损坏修复都比较麻烦，因为在硬盘内部的磁道列表中，这个扇区是被标记为正常的，是真实的物理存在，所以它不能通过扫描、格式化、低级格式化或者激活扇区的方法消除，而必须把这个扇区加入到设置在硬盘内部的系统保留区内，由工厂设置的缺陷列表（G列表和P列表）中去，才能在硬盘控制系统的可见范围内消除这个坏道。当然，这样做需要专门的软件（目前能够比较容易找到，而且已经经过长时间市场实践检验的就是PC-3000），价格也非常高，如果大家想要这样做，只能找具有这样设备的专门维修商来修理了。对普通用户的价格大概是每个硬盘100～150元，是否值得就让大家自己考虑了。

不过，这里有必要提醒大家一下，请多多关注各大硬盘厂商的网站，有些厂商提供的原厂工具也可以对少量物理坏道进行处理，把它们加入G列表甚至P列表。譬如IBM/日立的DFT和西部数据的DataLifeGuardDiagnostics。这些原厂的工具软件都是作为向购买该厂硬盘的消费者提供的售后服务而免费提供的，不但扫描速度快，而且辨别准确率高，能够对比较普遍出现的硬盘问题作出相应的处理。对硬盘内部进行操作毕竟是比较危险的，还是原厂的东西比较可靠。除非碰上原厂工具不能解决的问题，否则不推荐大家使用第三方工具软件。

相对于上面那种比较高级的隐藏方式，也有一些要求不高的用户，不需要这样高级的隐藏方式，那么他们可以通过FBDisk和DiskGenius这一对软件的组合来把坏道所在的位置做成隐藏分区隐藏起来。具体的操作并不复杂，即使是稍有计算机经验的“中鸟”也应该可以很容易掌握，这里就不再细说了。

图14，DiskGenius

图15，FBDisk

（小技巧：加入坏道列表和隐藏分区这两种方法在效果上的区别有两点，第一是隐藏分区方式会减少硬盘的可使用容量，而加入坏道列表则不会；第二，在坏道比较分散的情况下，需要使用多个隐藏分区才能全部屏蔽坏道，造成分区过多，影响硬盘使用效果；第三，坏道列表的数量是有限制的，坏道数量不能超过一定的值，如果坏道数量大而相对集中，隐藏分区不失为一种好办法。这里介绍另外一种折中的方式，类似于隐藏分区，但又不会因为分区过多而影响使用。不管三七二十一，先按照你自己的需要对有坏道的硬盘分好区，然后准备一个500KB左右大小的文件?D?D我觉得一张JPG图片就不错，不断复制，生成许多同样的副本，用编号来为这些文件命名，从1开始一直下去?D?D用ACDSee的批量编号命名功能就很好。然后，开始一个一个复制到有坏道的硬盘里面去，碰到有咔咔声响、或者复制速度突然变得很慢的地方，就是坏道了，记下当时这个文件的编号，如此不断继续，一个分区完了就进行另一个分区。把整个硬盘都填满以后，所有被记下编号的文件就是硬盘坏道的地方了，把这些文件设置成“只读”、“隐藏”，其他全部删除。这样，只要你不去动这些剩下的文件，磁头就不会去动那些个坏道了，非常方便，比隐藏分区要好。如果你的系统设置是可以看到隐藏文件的，而你又恰恰是一个完美主义者，觉得这些文件的存在还是太碍事，那么新建一个文件夹，把文件都拖到里面去，用超级兔子之类的工具隐藏掉这个文件夹，那就“整个世界都清净了”。）

three.大面积物理坏道

这样的硬盘就算是重病缠身，能继续用多久就要看天意了。如果有几块不同的大面积物理坏道，而且分布在不同的盘面上，那么我劝大家别花这个力气了。如果是虽然有大面积坏道，但全部都聚集在一个盘面上，那么你的运气比较好，真要修的话还是可以的，但是要损失硬盘容量。方法就是通过专门的软件，把有坏道的盘面整个屏蔽掉（其实就是把负责读取这个盘面的磁头停掉，并且在硬盘保留区的控制信息中抹去这个磁头的信息，当作没有这个磁头存在），这样就等于像做肿瘤切除手术一样，把这个有大面积坏道的盘面整个切除。如果是单片双面的硬盘，这样要损失一半的容量，双面三片损失1/3，双面四片损失1/4。给硬盘做这样的“手术”同样需要找具有这种设备的专门维修商，至于值不值得这样做就不是我能决定的了。

图16，只有一面有大面积坏道

图17，多个面有大面积坏道

4.磁头定位不准

这个问题也经常可以碰到，其实就是磁头因为装配上的轻微误差，导致在硬盘长时间使用后问题恶化；又或者是硬盘的磁头长期工作后出现疲劳现象导致这种情况的发生。有时候一些硬盘读写特别慢，拷贝一个文件老半天没有反应，或者有时候会听到轻微的咔咔声，也许就是磁头定位不准而产生的问题。对于这样的问题，还是需要找专门的专业软件或者找有这些专业软件的维修人员，通过软件对磁头的控制程序做出轻微的调整，一般就可以恢复正常使用。不过如果硬盘已经有一定的“年纪”了，或者平时就是不间断、大负荷使用的话，磁头就确实已经疲劳或者老化了，即使经过调整暂时把问题掩盖起来，还是会在不长的时间内再次出现的。

5.磁头变形

这个跟磁头定位不准是不一样的，即使是微小的变形，对于读取数据所需要的精度来说也已经是太多了，用软件调整的方法不一定可行。处理这样的问题，最简单直接的方法就是像处理大面积坏道一样，把这个磁头停掉。这同样会损失这个磁头所负责读取的盘面的那一部分容量。

six.控制芯片或者电路板烧坏

这样的问题没说的，一般最直接的方法都是找另一块同样型号的硬盘的电路板，把坏的电路板换下来（维修的人管这个叫“换板”）。或者找一块相同型号的芯片，写进同型号硬盘的芯片信息，然后换到电路板上去。

图18，被换下来的昆腾LB电路板

说句实在话，其实硬盘保留区的信息和内部指令，是由硬盘厂商开发出来的，也受到知识产权和专利的保护，那些专业软件通过破解内部信息和指令的方法来维修，从严格的法律意义上来说，并不是一种正确的途径。而且，对于硬盘维修这个行业，硬盘厂商心里面肯定是蛮不舒服的?D?D要是所有人在硬盘坏了的时候第一时间都是考虑先试着修一下，将就着用，那么谁还会去买新硬盘呢？在这个微利时代，厂商的盈利要建立在大量出货的基础上，如果销售量上不去，那么对硬盘厂商的打击是相当大的。尽管如此，但是他们嘴上却不能有任何表示?D?D不让消费者维修，逼着他们买新的，这个罪名可没人担当得起。于是，硬盘厂商只能在暗中采取一系列措施来防止硬盘保留区的信息和指令被破解。

首先是不断开发新的信息格式和新的指令集。不同厂商的硬盘内部的信息格式和指令固然不同，就算是同一个厂商的不同型号硬盘，内部的信息和指令也有可能是不同的，这样就无形中增加了破解的难度?D?D为了能维修不断增加的新的硬盘型号，开发这些专业软件的公司就必须不断研究新的硬盘。

其次是采用芯片和硬盘内部信息结合的方式来杜绝换板。现在的硬盘，在控制芯片内部和硬盘保留区内都有一个唯一的串号，每一个硬盘的串号都是不一样的。在硬盘启动时，硬盘内部控制程序会先把在芯片中的串号和保存在磁盘上面的串号作对比，两者一致才继续初始化；如果两者不一致，就挂起。这样，即使更换了同样型号的硬盘电路板和芯片，也会因为内部串号校验的时候不能通过而无法启动硬盘。

最后一个方法是“釜底抽薪”，从根本上扼杀这些靠破解指令生存的公司的空间。其实，以前很多硬盘厂商提供的工具里面是有盘片扫描、加入坏道列表等功能的，像希捷的DiskTechnicianFactoryTest。只是后来因为厂商希望加快硬盘的生命循环周期，才把这些功能去掉了。但是现在，一些厂商又开始在最新版的原厂工具里面重新加入这些功能（像IBM/日立和西部数据），有的甚至还加入了对硬盘固件（BIOS或Firmware）进行简单修复的功能。当然，为了避免这些工具真的会有“起死回生”的能力，厂商们在功能上都作了一定的限制，避免功能太强，但即便是这样，也足够应付日常产生的绝大部分问题。原厂的工具绝大多数是免费的，而其他公司的工具价格都是上万元，用户们用脚趾头都可以作出选择，这就从根本上扼杀了这些第三方公司的软件的生存空间。

不过对于硬盘维修，最近国内业界发生了一些事，使我觉得有不吐不快的感觉。目前能称为专业级的软件，一般都是来自俄罗斯和乌克兰，如PC-3000、MHDD、HDD、HRT等等，国内目前能放上桌面的大概就是效率源了。根据效率源的宣传资料，他们说是可以“修好”物理坏道，让硬盘“完全跟新的一样”，这样的话就比较值得认真探讨一下了。真的是可以“完全跟新的一样”吗？其实磁盘表面的物理损坏，无非来自两种原因?D?D磁介质不稳定和表面破损。一个扇区的磁介质不稳定，对相邻的其他扇区的磁介质影响非常非常微小，因此屏蔽掉后确实不会影响使用；而且只要其他的扇区磁介质仍然有足够的稳定性，这个硬盘还可以继续稳定使用一段较长的时间。但是构成物理坏道的原因，差不多90％来自因为碰撞、磁头划伤而导致的盘片表面破损。这种破损对周边扇区的影响是非常大的，破损处表面的磁介质晶体处于碎裂和疏松状态，在硬盘盘片以5400转/分或者7200转/分的转速高速旋转时，该处的破损晶体要承受多大的内应力、多大的离心力、多大的空气摩擦力、多大的热张力，都是有定律可遵循、有公式可计算的。在多种力的作用下，这个伤痕就会慢慢向四周蔓延，导致周围的扇区也出现坏道，并且越来越多。因此， alter table recover partitions spark sql performance ，也不负责任的，硬盘虽说是高科技产品，但总还是地球人造出来的，还是要遵守地球上的物理定律的吧？还有，最近效率源推出了全新的版本，据说是全面改进了维修方式，比外国产品还要先进。通过一些朋友的帮助和其他渠道，我找到了他们的试用版，在试用以后，发现这个软件在设计上存在非常大的问题，一是对芯片组的兼容性有很大漏洞，在我的MVP3机器上运行昆腾模块就出现挂起不能启动的错误；第二是出现漏查和把好盘修坏的错误，在一块被效率源迈拓模块修好了的迈拓盘上，用MHDD扫描仍然发现有错误，而在经PC-3000扫描过的迈拓硬盘上，效率源却说有坏道并且大肆修复一番，把缺陷列表改得不成人形了。看来，这个版本的推出实在是过于匆忙了，连作为软件产品的基本稳定性都还没有具备。另一方面，应该是效率源为了缩短扫描时间（如果按照MHDD的默认扫描方式，一块有5000个坏道的40GB硬盘扫描1个星期大概还不能完成），采用了简化算法来扫描，结果快是快了，但也出现了很多漏查和错误判断。这个问题也凸现出在程序设计的基础理念、总体控制、查错算法和对硬盘内部信息的理解上，国内的技术员跟国外相比还是有很大的差距啊。

图19，启动中途挂起，不能检测硬盘的效率源昆腾模块

图20，MHDD的命令行界面

其实，从总体上说，用软件来维修硬盘，本身就是层次比较低、成本也比较低的维修方法。因为用软件修，毕竟还是需要硬盘可以转动、机器可以认出硬盘型号和参数、磁头仍然可以运动并读写等等先决条件，一旦碰到一些死得特别彻底的（如硬盘哐哐响，盘体明显变形等），软件也就根本没有办法了，所以财大气粗的老美就对软件维修硬盘这个玩意儿不大感冒（这也是一众硬盘厂商没有对破解硬盘信息的公司采取决定性法律措施的原因之一），但是老美却具备世界上最尖端、也是最高成本的维修技术。至于他们拿这些技术干什么用的，下面很快就会提到。下面先讲一下成本比较高，可以修一些已经本身不能动、机器认不出、可以说已经判了“死刑”的硬盘的方法?D?D开盘维修。

通常，普通的老美用户都不修东西，硬盘坏了就扔掉换一个。类似象上面那些层次的损坏，除了逻辑错误，他们都是不去修的。但是，也确实有一些非要维修不可的时候，对于一些有盘体变形、磁头松脱、盘片偏心、马达损坏等问题的硬盘，却非要修的时候，他们通常会采取开盘维修法，拆开硬盘，矫正或者更换盘体、磁头，矫正盘片转轴、更换马达等等。不要以为这样很简单，因为开盘维修需要无尘程度非常高的无尘工作台甚至无尘工作间，光是配置一个这样的工作环境就不是普通公司可以承受的。目前国内能达到100级的无尘工作台或者超净工作室已经不多了，而对于维修这些损坏种类的硬盘来说，需要更高级别的无尘工作空间。单单是维持这样一个工作环境就已经所费不菲，难道老美们都疯了，要把钱往海里扔？当然不是，因为不单单在美国，在俄罗斯或者其他国家，同样有具备这样先进的技术和设备的维修公司，来Carry out repairs to those tough disks that have to be repaired.

To become sincere, how much is actually a difficult drive? Worth it? It is actually accurate that repairing the really hard disk itself is too cost-effective, but the objectives of those organizations are very clear, only 1 word? D? D profit! The so-called 'the added benefits are there, they are eager to admire', the reason why they are prepared to offer up such a capital, obviously, there is a higher benefit than this expense, and this advantage is? D? D data recovery!

Introduction to Information Recovery

I generally think that the repair of difficult disks that are repaired solely for repairs will not make a lot sense, unless it can be those wholesalers and retailers who wish to be second-hand merchants (but please do not be impacted by my subjective idea. No matter if it is actually worth repairing to produce an independent judgment). After all, the 'maintenance' of really hard disk repair is very diverse from normal repair. If we break a motherboard, it's located that a triode is burnt, we can replace a brand new triode, so that this triode can nonetheless reach the function from the original triode, the motherboard just isn't impacted in any way, plus the terrible spot is not going to exist. , We are able to say? D? D this motherboard is repaired. However the difficult disk is distinctive. The so-called 'maintenance' just covers up the terrible sectors on the disk, the internal defects with the tough disk, and so on., in order that the control system from the hard disk and also the laptop operating system aren't noticed. These defects are nevertheless lying definitely. Within the hard disk, it becomes a time bomb which will explode at any time. As a result, simple upkeep can only temporarily restore the availability of the really hard disk, which I believe is of small significance. And in the event the maintenance is to make the difficult disk temporarily accessible, in order that customers can re-read the data within the disk and back up to other places, then this need to be worth it, right after all, the user's data is priceless to a specific extent.

(PS: Ironically, when some second-hand traders hide the bad sectors by simply hiding the partitions, several hard drive repair shops also eloquently stated that these men and women applied some shoppers ’ignorance to pit people today and are profiteers; And they may be the actual repairers, so how complex their perform is, how high the technical needs are, how honest they're, etc. Now, we find that they're only hiding the defects, but hiding them very considerably Concealed, people ca n’t locate it, I do n’t understand how they really should handle it now? Or if the profiteers can not be found, they're able to be transformed into non-treasoners? I feel no less than people who hide the partitions are far more upright because they After all, I reserve the proper to uncover fraud for consumers. ^ _ ^ Within this regard, I've contacted a challenging disk repairer, he is a brand new domestic agent of PC-3000 in the south, this person is quite frank and may be clear Tell the buyer the distinction among the difficult disk plus the original disk soon after the repair, let the client decide irrespective of whether to repair it. This is a diverse sort within the hard disk repair market.)

Information recovery is actually a somewhat sensitive subject. You'll find various restrictions on some distinct theories, restoration algorithms, involved instruments and particular operations, which can't be described in detail. It really is enough here to give everybody a general impression of information recovery as fully as you can. Information recovery is usually divided into pure application recovery and combination of hardware and software recovery.

There is certainly a particular verification formula inside the really hard disk to make sure the integrity on the information. As outlined by the content material with the information in each and every sector, the servo info in the sector, and then through the operation based on a specific verification formula, a exceptional verification will be generated And, this value is various for each sector. When the same sector stores different data, the checksum is definitely not the same. Distinctive sectors storing exactly the same information will also make distinctive checksums (SCSI really hard disks may have a additional total mechanism within this regard). Data recovery utilizes such a principle. By means of reverse operation, within the case where certain facts is lost or changed due to wrong operation, the information can nevertheless be restored as completely as you can based on the remaining original data.

In fact, in actual operation, deleting files, repartitioning and quick formatting (do not add U parameter to Format), speedy low format, reorganizing the difficult disk defect list, etc., is not going to basically erase the data from the physical sector. Deleting a file only erases the address details in the file in the list, and the file data itself is still lying within the original place, unless the new information is copied into these sectors, the original information will probably be definitely erased. Re-partitioning and quick formatting is just to reconstruct the new partition table and sector information and facts, and it'll not impact the physical existence of your original data inside the sector until new data overwrites them. The rapidly and low format is usually only achieved by the original DM. The DM application is applied to quickly rewrite the initialization info with the disk, magnetic head, cylinder, sector, etc., and also the information is not going to be erased in the original sector. Reorganizing the difficult disk defect list is simply to add the new defective sector towards the G list or P list. There is certainly no way for the information that was originally stored inside the defective sector, since the sector has been physically broken, Even though it truly is not added for the defect list, it's difficult to recover; but for other information, it nonetheless has no substantial impact. It is actually reasonably straightforward to execute information recovery on such a challenging disk. Essentially the most important point is the fact that soon after an erroneous operation occurs, usually do not carry out any meaningless operation around the hard disk without having understanding its goal and don't write towards the hard disk. anything.

Recovering the information of this tough disk may be carried out by pure software program operation. At present, there are nevertheless lots of data recovery software program which you can uncover. There are roughly EasyRecovery, Recover, LostFound, FinalData, DiskRecover, and so on. There are many other folks, which are not listed one particular by one particular. A few of these software program run in DOS mode, some can run in Windows mode, and even run beneath NT / 2000, to manage the data lost within the NTFS format partition. For accidental deletion, incorrect formatting, but not overwriting these forms of data recovery with other information, the above-mentioned computer software nevertheless has fairly superior benefits. Of course, for those who let a rookie and an old bird use these software program, the recovery impact are going to be very distinct. To improve the good results rate of data recovery, the crucial would be to master the qualities of each application and the parameters and traits of each operation, to select and use them within a reasonable manner, which demands a particular quantity of expertise to attain. At present, domestic data recovery companies give 350-1000 yuan per challenging disk for this series of information recovery.

Figure 21, FinalData considered to be the ultimate in data recovery

Figure 22, EasyRecovery operation interface

The restoration of pure software definitely has great limitations, the prerequisite is that the challenging disk have to be in a position to be utilised generally. As a result, for some challenging drives with slight defects, it is sensible to repair them somewhat bit to make the tough drives work commonly, after which perform software program data recovery, because this can save a great deal of information recovery fees. Soon after all, for all those tough drives that can't be moved anyway, the computer software is powerless. At this time, it is actually required to work with a fairly pricey recovery process combining hardware and application.

The key to adopting the information recovery method combining software program and hardware lies within the recovery equipment. These devices have to be placed in an ultra-clean and dust-free workshop, and also the workbench inside these devices can also be a really high-level ultra-clean space. The recovery principles of those devices are equivalent, except that the tough disk is disassembled, the magnetic disk is placed on the ultra-clean worktable with the machine, after which the surface of your disk is scanned having a laser beam, since the magnetic signal on the disk surface is actually a digital signal ( 0 and 1), accordingly, the signal reflected by the laser beam is also different. These instruments use this scanning to record the original signal in the complete tough disk within the computer attached for the instrument, then use particular computer software to analyze and restore the information. It can be stated that the data recovery price of this device is very wonderful. Even the information positioned around the physical poor track cannot be found out the accurate information worth because of the lack of several different data. The possible information values ​​are entered one particular by a single, combined with the information info of other connected sectors, along with the logical rationality verify is performed to discover out essentially the most logically correct value.

Figure 23, 24, information recovery equipment

Concerning the gear and approaches described above, the corporations that at present have data recovery gear in China and may obtain a mixture of hardware and computer software recovery approaches show that you will discover at the moment only two at present situated in Beijing and Guangdong (the information validity period is April this year. There may possibly be other providers that say they've such equipment, but I consider the possibility of hype is higher than the possibility of my missed inspection). Lots of data recovery firms are now bragging about how advanced their gear and excellent technology are, but in reality most of them are rested on pure computer software level recovery. If they truly encounter a challenging disk, they'll courier to the organizations in these two places and let them make use of the machine to recover, and these two firms also recognize this operation strategy, mainly because then they don't need to have to devote dollars for marketing. It also guarantees that the machine can have enough operate load and shorten the investment payback period. At this level of information recovery, the current domestic industry price tag is about three,000 to 5,000 yuan per really hard disk or a lot more. Of course, when the two corporations received the tough drives transferred from other information recovery providers, they received the wholesale cost inside the business. There was probably a distinction of hundreds to 1,000 yuan inside the middle. The agency fee was eaten up.

But this can be nonetheless not the ultimate technique of information recovery. Since they all possess a premise that the information is not overwritten. For hard disks that have been overwritten, absolutely low-format, zero-disabled, and damaged by a strong magnetic field, there is certainly nonetheless an ultimate data recovery approach. Lao Mei controls this referred to as 'deep signal restoration.' The precise principle is far more complicated, nevertheless it might be illustrated by a associated instance. As an example, a person drove an individual into a auto and ran away. In an effort to evade public safety investigation, he bumped the automobile more than the hollow and straightened it up, and sprayed it with new paint. Then, the automobile treated within this way can not see the trace of collision below the naked eye. But men and women within the forensics division only have to have to illuminate the vehicle with an arc lamp, wear a unique polarizer to determine, as well as the trace with the collision is promptly clear. 'Deep signal restoration' applies a related principle. From the point of view on the difficult disk head, there is certainly no difference involving copying the same data into a new disk that has no information and copying it into an old disk to overwrite the original data, because the digital signals read by the head are each the exact same. But for the magnetic medium crystal, the situation is often a bit diverse. Although the earlier data is covered, in the deep layer on the medium, the 'afterimage' of your original data will nonetheless stay. By using various wavelengths and distinctive intensities Irradiating this crystal with rays can make various reflection, refraction, and diffraction signals. This means that employing these devices to emit unique rays to illuminate the disk surface, after which analyzing different reflection, refraction, and diffraction signals might help us. 'See' the afterimage of this magnetic medium crystal at distinct depths. Based on the current data, it can be observed that four to five layers, that is to say, even when a information is repeatedly covered by unique other data 4 instances, there is still the possibility of being study by the 'deep signal restoration' device. Needless to say, such operating fees are undoubtedly incredibly high, and can only be employed for national security level purposes. At present, couple of nations in the world can have such technology, only several large-scale laptop firms and no matter expense Of government agencies have such a degree of information recovery gear, and they are mainly controlled by Americans.

Seeing this, I don't know what our readers will really feel. Within the field of data recovery, other people have been able to realize this amount of technologies pretty early, and now all really hard disk organizations inside the real sense are all others, but they are usually not displaying off. Around the contrary, a number of our domestic technicians have information recovery software program that is certainly nevertheless a thousand miles away from Japan (FinalData, which is regarded as to be the 'king of data recovery software' can be a Japanese product), to not mention the Usa; even its personal There is certainly no challenging drive manufacturer inside the correct sense, it truly is deemed that a tiny half on the bucket of water is no longer there, but it shakes but it rattles. One example is, a information recovery corporation inside the south has developed a information recovery computer software (they're incredibly confidential, I only saw the interface, I've not truly read the functioning approaches and supply code, I do n’t know if it really is 'Banana software' [Note], for the time being they are Developed), I created a demonstration on October 23rd, and recovered the data of a really hard disk that was cleared in the defect list by PC-3000, and I thought it worked incredibly properly. Nevertheless, that is just what a information recovery software program should really do. Foreign items can do more than this. There is actually no hype. There's also a domestic tough disk repair firm which has made a really hard disk information operation computer software named 'Defense Edition', but right after mastering through some friends via internal channels, I can't enable but really feel a little bit disappointed? D? D If China's current defense-level software is also only In the event you can reach this level, it is also disheartening. I sincerely hope that this 'defense version' is just a slogan.

[Note]: Banana? D? D banana. Lao Mei refers to these Chinese who were born within the United states of america. They've the yellow skin with the Chinese, but they accept the cultural background, life-style and values ​​of white Americans in their bones. 'Meaning. At present, there are some Chinese software providers. They're greater. They purchase the core algorithms and engines of foreign software program and redevelop them themselves, however they pay a license fee for two years and use them inside the third and fourth years. Use foreign software program algorithms, processes, and directions to write a equivalent application; or worse, just unpack the foreign application, just replace it with a Chinese interface which you wrote, and sell it inside a stately manner. Mentioned 'national software'. For these software, foreign programmers are helpless, and these using a sense of humor collectively refer to these software as 'Banana software'. This type of computer software is extremely huge in China. Irrespective of if it's produced by a sizable corporation or maybe a small corporation, you cannot call it a name, and there is certainly virtually always a 'banana' shadow.

Some Rookie Handling Methods for Challenging Disk Problems

I think many readers will be much more interested in this, but for me it can be really tricky to write. Right after all, most readers are not professionals, and a few issues that we take for granted in operation are usually not necessarily effectively understood and grasped by others. On the other hand, it is truly inconvenient to say also a great deal and as well detailed about such an issue, so it really is written inside the following nondescript text. Nonetheless, I nonetheless hope that through many of the descriptions here, most users can freely resolve a few of the much more common really hard disk troubles that everybody is extra concerned about. Within this way, when you encounter some popular difficulties, you do not need to go out and discover people who are engaged in really hard disk repairs, which can be killing people. In truth, several common difficult disk issues are dealt with on the net, and it really is really easy to find quite a bit of options. For that reason, I usually do not intend to elaborate on some on the net and hugely operable challenging disk difficulties. description. What I would like to say here is the fact that a few of them are relatively quick to encounter, but the directions on the internet are these methods for all those gunmen who copy your copy and copy them, there's no operability and even logic. However, I will have to remind you that due to the fact these are all far more tough complications, do n’t count on also higher a accomplishment rate. The structure and operating mechanism of modern day tough disks are much more complex than just before. Each brand of really hard drive of a brand is tested like that. The principles of these procedures are in line using the structure, control and operation mechanism of contemporary really hard drives, but no matter whether they could seriously solve the problem is determined by no matter whether the operator could make the cause of the tough drive failure. Properly grasp and can use numerous tools and software flexibly and comprehensively.

1. The hard disk partition table is damaged

By far the most typical cause of this difficulty is usually a sudden power outage while the personal computer is in use. In the event the personal computer is performing disk defragmentation or other operations that need a large variety of disk read and write processes, a sudden energy failure is likely to bring about this error. Never think that this is a really standard hard disk challenge. Assume about it. If some old birds encounter this difficulty, they'll hesitate. The key issue is that if no information is required, then this is not a challenging disk issue at all, just re-partition and format it; but, what if there is additional vital information in it? Or that you are lazy and do not need to reinstall the technique, are you able to solve this problem though saving the method and information? For this requirement, the introduction of quite a few articles on the web would be to use DiskMan software program to automatically repair the partition table. On the other hand, in actual operation, this system is often a bit as well fool. I wish to depend on the application to automatically repair the partition table. In reality, the software algorithm is utilized, but the algorithm is dead, however the particular person is alive. Everybody owns the really hard disk. None from the partitions may be exactly the same. As outlined by the actual operation, this recovery method has a repair price of only 90%, that is certainly, the chance of 100% complete repair in the partition table is just not really higher. However, with DiskMan computer software, the recovery from the primary partition is generally not an issue. So long as your main partition is restored, the technique can be began. The data in the remaining unrecoverable partitions may be restored making use of FinalData. Under standard situations, It should really be totally recoverable. The biggest advantage of this method is that DiskMan supports a great deal of file formats, so even in NTFS, EXT as well as other format partitions, the partition table is usually recovered additional successfully.

Figure 25, DiskMan interface

Even so, if your tough disk is FAT or FAT32, I consider the above process is as well difficult, and pin all hopes on the algorithm of the two software, with no mobilizing the subjective initiative from the individual, it can be a waste of human sources ^ _ ^ . It's estimated that many people nevertheless know the size on the hard disk partition inside the pc they use. If you can remember the size of every partition, this can be fine. What computer software did you use for partitioning now, and still use it, precisely re-partitioning in line with the original size of each and every partition, but try to remember not to format. It's quite essential to not format this. There are some partitioning computer software which include PartitionMagic and so on. Generally the partitions are formatted by default. Inside the settings, cancel the partition and format alternatives. Immediately after repartitioning, boot with a floppy disk or CD or connect this difficult disk to another computer system, run NDD (NortonDiskDoctor, do n’t tell me you do n’t know what this can be), execute a scan, and quickly, it'll uncover the difficult disk partition Errors and a few pretty skilled 'inexplicable' errors that can't be understood. It does not matter if you do not know what to say. Certainly, the next step will be to fix these issues. Following all of the repairs are completed, restart, you'll be surprised to locate that the entire hard disk is readable again, all partitions are specifically the same because the original, all original files are also intact, and there is certainly no significantly less than a single byte. The recovery price of this technique is very higher, the process is extremely fool however it can mobilize everyone's subjective initiative. There is no require to run specific data recovery software, and it could make everybody truly go for it, in order that rookie can also have the satisfaction of rejuvenation, in particular to meet people's vanity, haha. Of course, the safest way would be to back up a partition table on a floppy disk or other storage media, which can drastically enhance the security factor in the tough disk.

Figure 26, DOS version interface of NortonDiskDoctor

two. Hard disk logical lock

The articles on the web about the system of removing the logical lock in the challenging disk might be said to become full of sweat, but following reading meticulously, it's a copy on the world's articles, and every single write-up is comparable. Actually, tough disk logical locks is usually roughly divided into two strategies: logical endless loop and incremental offset. No matter how complicated the technique is, like full-disk algorithm encryption, it can't be solved by ordinary users, so I will not mention it here.

You will discover also lots of sorts of logical endless loops, from the fairly basic 0-1 sector endless loop for the additional annoying CD partition endless loop. It's absolutely nothing more than writing articles around the partition table, which artificially causes logical errors inside the partition table and causes the tough disk to begin up. When it truly is stuck in an endless loop and can't commence, it have to go through some verification methods to obtain the right partition table info once more. Lots of articles on the net are full of articles, introducing the techniques of recovery via PCTools, DE (DiskEditor), and also Debug commands. These recovery techniques are theoretically right, but they usually do not have considerably practical significance. Simply because they have all ignored it. During their extended speak, the head inside the user's difficult disk continues to be reciprocating among the 0-1 sector or the C-D partition. The difficult disk can not get started, how you can read the partition table info? How to create the right data? The magnetic heads have no time to do this. I wonder if they intend to write having a pencil or perhaps a ballpoint pen?

0-1 sector endless loop is fairly simple, floppy disk boot, CD-ROM boot or hanging the difficult disk on other machines can nevertheless be moved, and if it truly is annoying CD partition endless loop, no matter whether it is actually floppy disk boot, CD-ROM boot or When the tough disk is hung on a different machine, the machine can't be started. It is actually ridiculous that the strategy of breaking this endless loop is also very straightforward, due to the fact this way of logical lock is really working with the vulnerability of IO.SYS in MS-DOS. The IO.SYS file is definitely the input and output management file (InputandOutput), which includes LOADER, IO1, IO2, IO3 4 modules, of which IO1 includes a key program SysInt_I, it's quite stubborn through startup, you need to read the partition Table, and usually do not rest till the partition table is study. When the partition table is encountered within a loop, it can only crash. At the same time, DOS will have to study the partition table parameters in an effort to obtain the appropriate to make use of the hard disk, and DOS also agreed that the drive letter should not exceed 26. That is the system designer didn't consider the critical consequences of such circular partition table, which is the vulnerability of MS-DOS And incompleteness. Hunting back, in the event you usually do not need to fall into such a logic loop, as long as you don't use Microsoft's DOS-based operating program (from DOS3.0 to WindowsMe). There are numerous systems to select from: for example PC-DOS, DR-DOS, ROM-DOS, and so on. (It really is advisable that you just take a look at the new DOS era, there are various helpful DOS info

(Http://newdos.yginfo.net/dosmain.htm), also, Microsoft's NT / 2000 / XP series can also be achievable. After the challenging disk is activated, it is possible to do what ever you desire. However, I nonetheless recommend which you use the original DM. Right after all, it is actually the original factor. You happen to be often certain about the operation of the personal challenging drive. Additionally, these PCTools along with the like are reasonably old, and they may be FAT32, NTFS, and massive tough drives. You'll find often some troubles with such operations. You'll find also enthusiastic folks who write the directions to restore the regular partition table into a small plan referred to as Unlock.com (there are various distinct versions written by distinctive men and women, you could pick some dates which are somewhat current, not as well old for the eighteenth generation. Applied), every person can try it, the effect is still some. Now, a business referred to as Acronis has also joined inside the enjoyable and released a smaller plan named AcronisUnlock. Operating it might create a floppy disk to unlock the really hard disk. After all, it is a industrial solution, who would dare to take it out if there is no specific impact? I tried it, while it cannot remedy all diseases, but it continues to be incredibly successful for common challenging disk locks.

Figure 27, Seagate's original DM

The incremental offset approach was not basically applied to make logic locks, but to produce challenging disk protection cards. Hard disk protection software including Lenovo's 'Aegis' and Jetway's 'Recovery Wizard' also made use of comparable technologies. The principle of this strategy is to draw a particular area inside the hard disk, and map all write operations of your complete tough disk to this location, to ensure that the original protected system and data location won't be newly added. The effect of writing details, even file modification, is actually an operation that maps to a distinct location. Therefore, no matter what sort of crash occurs, only one particular button can restore the original protected method and data. However, the protection of your really hard disk is good, but when you replace a motherboard, or the motherboard as well as the protection card are broken, it's really a headache to take care of this difficult disk. Because the approach described above is no longer useful for this difficult disk, you can read the information with the hard disk partition table in the difficult disk by means of the software program, then modify and create it. Regrettably, these correct info are usually not actually written to the partition table, but all Mapped to that specific region, the difficult drive still doesn't operate. Regardless of ways to repartition, format or perhaps low-grade such a challenging drive, you still find that the information inside continues to be. When you are lucky and understand that the hard disk is protected by 'Aegis' or 'Recovery Wizard', or what other hard disk protection card is protected, then you only want to locate the corresponding motherboard or challenging disk card and execute an uninstall approach; If you are unlucky and do n’t know, try the following technique.

Following some practice, you can use this method to lift. Uncover a machine without a 'Aegis' or 'Recovery Wizard' motherboard, mount the really hard drive as a slave, and set this difficult drive to None in the COMS settings (in most situations, this will likely already be capable of remove the mapping data for the BIOS Spoofing, the real-mode operation from the recovery application on the challenging disk), and then run fdisk / mbr, you ought to be in a position to recover this difficult disk. If it nevertheless doesn't function, then simply do not use Microsoft's method. Run the original DM beneath PC-DOS or ROM-DOS, regardless of no matter if the current partition table info within the tough disk is correct or wrong, all overthrow, reuse the default disk surface, head, cylinder, and sector facts from the challenging disk for swift initialization and Repartition according to the original partition size and system. In case you are quite concerned about the integrity of the information and do n’t wish to lose the data, then endeavor to use computer software such as FinalData, EasyRecovery, and so on. following that you are performed. I can only want you excellent luck. The greater the results price is, I recommend you try something in the event you have a thing to do. Generally, the so-called 'sweat much more often, significantly less blood in wartime'). It's actually troublesome to resolve the really hard disk locked by incremental offset strategy, even for quite experienced people today, the recovery achievement price isn't high. Now, I have a little of inexplicable hatred for 'Aegis' and 'Recovery Elves'. I do not know if everybody has precisely the same feeling, huh, huh.

three. Zero track damage

You will discover too numerous such articles on the internet. Sadly, several of them are from a huge selection of years ago. They had been copied on the web. The fatal thing is usually to use DE or PCTools to change the starting sector of your really hard disk from 0 side 0 column 1 sector to 0 side 1 column 1 sector as outlined by what they said, but nobody definitely repaired the zero crossing track. I think it ’s most likely that the individual who wrote these articles does n’t have a hard drive with zero track damage. I have n’t really observed whether or not such a hard drive can truly move as they imagined; or, it is actually to repair the zero track harm from the floppy disk. The process continues to be applied to the really hard disk. The structure and mechanism of tough disks and floppy disks are extremely different. In particular contemporary really hard disks have no shadow on the principle of floppy disks.

Zero track damage is divided into physical zero track harm and logical zero track damage. The logical zero track is really the boot sector (please note that it can be not the main boot sector mentioned in lots of articles on the internet. In the event the primary boot sector is broken, it is also a fairy.), Along with the physical zero track would be the principal boot sector. Inside the old-fashioned old challenging disk, the information and facts on the primary boot sector is normally produced around the difficult disk's Firmware, so there is no difference between the physical zero and logical zero with the tough disk. There is no distinction involving the name in the key boot sector along with the boot sector. Refers to logic zero. With modern challenging disks, the starting point from the initialization info would be the physical zero of your difficult disk. In the event the physical zero is damaged, the tough disk can not complete the initialization process at all, and there's no possibility of effective recovery via application strategies.

Typically, the modern challenging disk boot approach is like this. Right after energy on, the head receives the initial boot command uploaded from the challenging disk control chip, and after that starts to study the initial information of the most important boot sector (physical zero) to figure out the really hard disk reserved location And after that study the reserved location of ​​the tough disk, figure out the defect list, call in the verification algorithm formula, read in the internal operation instructions, and so on. Right after all they are completed, the tough disk is deemed to become initialized and formally put into working state. Then, the really hard disk starts reading the boot sector (logical zero), determines the beginning point on the tough disk as well as the location of your partition table, reads within the partition table, and so on. In the evaluation of this procedure, we are able to see that the difficult disk with logical zero track damage can nevertheless complete the complete initialization procedure and is recognized by the system. Consequently, there is the possibility of becoming repaired by the software. Do n’t use DE and PCTools, these are really old software, based around the old hard disk CHS structure program and the corresponding 3D addressing technique, there's a massive gap with the modern difficult disk modular structure and linear addressing method . Following getting modified based on the directions in the on-line article, it will not work for modern day challenging drives. In case you do n’t believe it, you'll be able to try it oneself (it will also operate, however it has to be that your motherboard BIOS has 3D addressing-linear addressing Translation module, and it can help the tough disk you should repair, but for those who believe it is possible to encounter such a possibility, I advise you to purchase a lottery.) Use an original DM. There are numerous people that use DM, but I can say that few individuals may have this curiosity to try all of the choices and functions in it. Some manufacturers' DMs have an item named 'Advanced Options'. Just after entering, select the 'Custom' alternative. There is an item choice. It will initial ask if you're prepared to follow the default head, cylinder and Sector parameters to partition and format the hard disk, considering the fact that the logical zero track of one's tough disk is broken, needless to say, opt for 'No', and then DM will allow you to enter the corresponding head, cylinder and sector information, at this time you ought to Any thought how to do it? If however the corresponding DM of the really hard disk brand doesn't have such selections and functions, then try AcronisDiskEditor (to become run under Windows2000 / XP), try to make use of the most current and strongest sector editing computer software to close the logical zero track of the challenging disk, A comparable effect can also be achieved. On the other hand, no matter whether it really is DM or Acronis Disk Editor, this operation is subject to several other conditions. The prerequisite is the fact that the really hard disk has to be recognized and can be operated in genuine mode, otherwise the achievement price won't be higher. And for ordinary users, these operations are nevertheless fairly difficult. You may need to attempt a few a lot more occasions and study a few instances to improve the accomplishment price.

Figure 28, AcronisDiskEditor

For physical zero harm, in accordance with the above really hard disk initialization process, we are able to realize that such a challenging disk can not even be initialized at all, it doesn't matter what method or application, it's not possible to operate it, the true difficult and soft. Nonetheless, for so extended, I have not truly encountered a tough disk with zero physical harm, so I never know if application like PC-3000 has this capability to repair. The extra certain approach can only be to return towards the original factory to re-scan and find the machine equipment, rewrite the servo data, after which execute internal format to repair; or, you'll be able to come across a additional effective repair firm with a really hard disk servo to help you Repair, but the expense is ... hehe.

In general, there are numerous organizations which have made quite a bit of pretty new and strong software program primarily based around the structure and principles of modern hard drives plus the much more prevalent Windows operating method platform, for example Acronis, the business ’s full set of technique tools. Like DiskEditor, DriveImage, OSSelector, Unlock (unlock the really hard disk logical lock), and so on., all apply the basic principles with the current really hard disk, the function can also be extremely comprehensive. When performing many really hard disk operations, correctly mix the old and new computer software, and use each other collectively, often locate unexpected effects. These can only be accomplished in case you explore and use them proficiently in actual operation.

postscript

Every single time I consider really hard drives and information, I can not aid but think of domestic imported second-hand garbage. To become sincere, other people dare to export really hard drive garbage towards the country, in truth, considering that we are able to only repair these difficult drives for second-hand use.如果国内的数据恢复水平能够普遍提高，我相信外国往国内输出二手计算机零配件的时候会三思而后行的?D?D保不准里面还有IBM、Microsoft的哪一个高级工程师用的硬盘呢；说不定还有政府部门甚至国防部的机器用过的硬盘呢。嘿嘿，说说笑话而已，他们公司和政府的关键部门所使用的硬盘都要通过DiskEraser这类硬盘数据销毁设备处理过后才会扔的啦。

图29，日立出品的DiskEraser

在这里，如果大家对自己动手解决一些硬盘问题比较感兴趣，我衷心提议大家先不要忙着满互联网地找一些你我都不知道是谁写、做什么用的第三方工具，多留意一下原厂家的网站，用用他们原厂的工具软件。虽然厂家为了尽量避免让大家修硬盘修得很爽，并没有在原厂DM和其他原厂工具上面提供太丰富的功能，但基本的功能还是会提供给大家的，而且性能非常可靠，功能也很实用。而且有时候原厂工具的较低版本里面维修功能可能比新版本多，譬如西部数据的原厂低格程序WDClear，它是比较旧了，最高版本也就是1.3，而且只支持最大8.4GB的小硬盘。但是它的功能却非常强大，比现在西部数据的DM（当然，厂商不一定把这个程序叫DM，反正不管叫什么名字，我们知道它其实就是DM就行了）要强很多。不少硬盘维修商就非常清楚它的作用，它体积小，功能大，具备非常快速而准确的盘面检测能力，能够快速进行坏道修复，可以智能跳过顽固物理坏道，正是因为这些优点，它成为了不少维修商的修盘利器！

把这个程序放在一个完好的主硬盘里，把待修的硬盘（要西部数据的盘，不然我不保证会发生什么后果）放在其他IDE接口上。运行WDClear，会出现一个蓝色的窗口和几行简单的英文，右面还有一个红色的小窗口，显示硬盘的型号、串号、固件版本信息等，如果还想看更详细的参数，就选择“查看检测结果”。这里面的参数更详细一些。现在，里面显示了两个硬盘参数，选择你要维修的硬盘的参数，回车。选“读取并检测磁盘”，回车，确定，于是软件就对硬盘的表面开始检测了。在扫描过程中检测到的坏道，只是显示坏道的类型和位置，软件不会对它们做任何的修复和写入处理。扫描完以后，确定了坏道的位置，就可以使用“清零驱动器”来把坏道清除或者写入G列表。所以有时候原厂的东西，版本老一点的还是很有作用的，反正你要修的也是旧盘嘛，新的硬盘只要好好用，哪里会这么快就坏了呢？

图30，WDClear主界面

一口气写了这么多，主要还是因为觉得目前国内有一种很不好的风气“浮夸”，大家都在互相抄袭，急功近利，你说你的路由设备有3000条规则，我就会说我的有5000条，纯粹的基于利益的炒作，丝毫没有科学的精神在里面（路由规则越多，说明路由效率越低下，通常2500～3000是一个比较合理的数字，既可以保证足够的安全和路由效果，又可以维持比较高的路由效率。记住了，购买时看到在路由规则上攀比的厂商就要留意了）。

又譬如，出品PC-3000的俄国ACELaboratory在国内原来只有一家代理商，PC-3000的首年升级、技术支持和培训都是免费的，但是因为国内是独家代理，导致代理商扣起客户的升级和支持帐号与密码，每次升级收费几百到一千不等的升级费，技术支持收几百元的咨询费，培训收培训费等等。很多客户不满，纷纷越过代理，通过香港和美国直接向ACELaboratory购买，严重影响了ACELaboratory的声誉。焦头烂额的ACELaboratory只好又在国内增加了一个代理，希望通过竞争，杜绝这种现象。还有，就是现在网络上、报纸杂志上不少所谓技术性比较强的专业文章其实都只是故作高深，似是而非的东西，没有误导已经很不错了，对读者并没有任何帮助。

也有的人，在网上发布信息，售卖硬盘、主板维修或者其他各种的资料，每份要价一千到数千元不等。其实里面只有十多页纸，都是网上找来的大路货，没有任何实质性的内容，而且售卖的人其实连这些资料是对是错都分不清。

实际上，现在是一个资讯时代，很多资料和信息都已经相当公开了。如果大家还想着因为自己掌握了那么一点点东西，就拼命保守这些所谓的秘密，希望利用对信息的封锁、利用用户的无知来达成一定的经济效益的话，那就错了。现在，只有本着公平、公开的原则来经营，凭着坚持不懈的意志去做研究，才能从根本上提高自己公司的技术水平，获得真正的经济利益。

作为一个在海外的中国人，当然希望自己的祖国可以早日强大，但所有的事情都是有自己的客观发展规律的，并不能一步登天。北京某名牌大学说要把自己办成世界级的一流大学，向哈佛看齐什么的，我不知道他们凭什么这样说。先不要说哈佛物理系的大功率粒子加速器和粒子对撞设备，光是校园里面的Internet2的超高速校园网、能模拟流体力学实况的巨型计算机，国内就没有什么大学能够做到。落后并不可耻，只要我们敢于正视，我们的技术人员能够多动脑去搞研究，多动手去做实验，少动嘴去吹牛皮，相信很快我们就可以拥有与国外相同层次和水平的技术与设备。